Privacy hardening

Hardening means closing the gaps in the tools you already use: your browser, passwords, messages and files.

Start with what you use every day. Each entry says whether its code is open and what it asks of you.

Order: what the tool asks of you (nothing, an account, ID), then open code before closed code, then A to Z. Affiliate links and sponsors never change it.

Browsers

  1. LibreWolf

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Custom version of Firefox focused on privacy, security and freedom.
    • Aims to remove telemetry and data collection. uBlock Origin is included.
    • Windows, Linux, macOS and OpenBSD.

    Visit LibreWolf Checked 2026-10-19

  2. Mullvad Browser

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Built with the Tor Project to minimize tracking and fingerprints.
    • Aims to give all users similar fingerprints and uses letterboxing.
    • Linux, macOS and Windows. Free whether or not you use Mullvad VPN.

    Visit Mullvad Browser Latest release: 2026-10-14 Checked 2026-10-19

  3. Firefox

    Asks of you: nothing Code: not stated
    • Made by Mozilla, which says it is not owned by shareholders.
    • Blocks trackers automatically. Says it will never sell your personal data.
    • Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS and Android.
    • Its page makes no open source statement.

    Visit Firefox Checked 2026-10-19

Extensions

  1. uBlock Origin

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Content blocker for Chromium and Firefox, built to use little CPU and memory.
    • Works best on Firefox, on desktop and Android. Its Chrome Web Store listing was removed.
    • GPLv3 license.

    Visit uBlock Origin Latest release: 2026-09-16 Checked 2026-10-19

  1. SearXNG

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Free metasearch engine that gathers results from up to 264 search services.
    • Says users are neither tracked nor profiled. You can run your own instance or use it over Tor.
    • AGPL-3.0 license.

    Visit SearXNG Checked 2026-10-19

  2. DuckDuckGo

    Asks of you: nothing Code: not stated
    • Says: "DuckDuckGo never tracks you."
    • Says its ads run in partnership with Microsoft and that viewing them is anonymous.
    • The page we read does not say where its search results come from.

    Visit DuckDuckGo Checked 2026-10-19

  3. Mojeek

    Asks of you: nothing Code: not stated
    • Search engine with its own index of more than nine billion pages.
    • Says it has provided independent search without tracking for over 15 years.

    Visit Mojeek Checked 2026-10-19

Password managers

  1. KeePassDX

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Password manager for Android that opens KeePass database files.
    • GPL-3.0 license.

    Visit KeePassDX Latest release: 2026-10-17 Checked 2026-10-19

  2. KeePassXC

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Open source password manager that keeps your passwords in an offline encrypted file.
    • Says no data is stored on remote servers.
    • Windows, macOS and Linux. GPLv3 license.

    Visit KeePassXC Latest release: 2026-03-10 Checked 2026-10-19

  3. Bitwarden

    Asks of you: an account Code: open source
    • Open source, end-to-end encrypted password manager.
    • Always free for basic password management.
    • Says it publishes the results of its third-party security audits.
    • Enterprise plans can be self-hosted.

    Visit Bitwarden Latest release: 2026-10-15 Checked 2026-10-19

  4. Proton Pass

    Asks of you: an account Code: open source
    • End-to-end encrypted password manager with a free plan: unlimited logins, notes and cards.
    • The free plan includes 10 hide-my-email aliases.
    • Its comparison table lists Proton Pass as open source.

    Visit Proton Pass Checked 2026-10-19

Two-factor and security keys

  1. Aegis Authenticator

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Free, open source authenticator app for Android.

    Visit Aegis Authenticator Latest release: 2026-09-06 Checked 2026-10-19

  2. Nitrokey

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • German company that sells open source security hardware, including security keys.
    • Says its products are made in Germany.

    Visit Nitrokey Latest release: 2026-09-30 Checked 2026-10-19

  3. YubiKey

    Asks of you: nothing Code: not stated
    • Security key series that supports FIDO2, U2F, smart card, OTP and OpenPGP.
    • Its page does not say where it is made and makes no open source statement.

    Visit YubiKey Checked 2026-10-19

  4. Ente Auth

    Asks of you: not stated Code: open source
    • Open source 2FA authenticator with end-to-end encrypted cloud backups.
    • Apps for mobile, desktop and web. Free.

    Visit Ente Auth Checked 2026-10-19

Messengers

  1. SimpleX Chat

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Messenger without user identifiers, not even random ones.
    • Says no single entity controls the network and anyone can run servers.
    • Desktop, iOS and Android.

    Visit SimpleX Chat Latest release: 2026-09-26 Checked 2026-10-19

  2. Briar

    Asks of you: not stated Code: open source
    • Peer-to-peer messaging that bypasses central servers, over Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or Tor.
    • Free and open source. Distributed on Google Play and F-Droid.
    • Its page does not say whether an account is required.

    Visit Briar Checked 2026-10-19

  3. Molly

    Asks of you: not stated Code: open source
    • Independent Signal fork for Android with a passphrase-encrypted database and Tor support through Orbot.
    • Says it is fully free software with no proprietary blobs.

    Visit Molly Latest release: 2026-07-31 Checked 2026-10-19

  4. Signal

    Asks of you: not stated Code: open source
    • Messenger run by an independent nonprofit, with end-to-end encryption.
    • Built on the open source Signal Protocol.
    • Its page does not say whether a phone number is required.

    Visit Signal Latest release: 2026-10-13 Checked 2026-10-19

Encryption

  1. Cryptomator

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Client-side encryption for the files you keep in any cloud.
    • Open source. The desktop download is free.

    Visit Cryptomator Latest release: 2026-06-29 Checked 2026-10-19

  2. GnuPG

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Free implementation of the OpenPGP standard, used from the command line.
    • Free software since 1997, under the GNU GPL.
    • A Windows version is available through Gpg4win.

    Visit GnuPG Checked 2026-10-19

  3. VeraCrypt

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Free open source disk encryption software for Windows, macOS and Linux, based on TrueCrypt 7.1a.
    • Its 1.19 release notes mention fixes from a Quarkslab audit funded by OSTIF.

    Visit VeraCrypt Latest release: 2026-06-12 Checked 2026-10-19

Metadata cleaners

  1. BleachBit

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Open source cleaner for temporary files, browser caches, logs and traces.
    • Secure deletion of files. Windows and Linux.
    • GPLv3 license.

    Visit BleachBit Latest release: 2026-09-08 Checked 2026-10-19

  2. ExifTool

    Asks of you: nothing Code: not stated
    • Reads, writes and edits metadata in a wide variety of files.
    • Deletes metadata individually, in groups or altogether. Its page says removal is not guaranteed to be complete.

    Visit ExifTool Checked 2026-10-19

  3. MAT2

    Asks of you: nothing Code: not stated
    • Metadata removal tool for many common file formats, written in Python 3.
    • A library with a command-line interface and file manager extensions.

    Visit MAT2 Checked 2026-10-19

File sharing

  1. OnionShare

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Open source tool that shares files over Tor. It can also host an onion site or a chat.
    • Windows, macOS, Linux, Android and iOS. GPLv3 license.

    Visit OnionShare Latest release: 2026-10-16 Checked 2026-10-19

  2. Syncthing

    Asks of you: nothing Code: open source
    • Continuous file synchronization between your own computers, with no central server.
    • Windows, macOS, Linux, FreeBSD and more. MPL-2.0 license, per its repository.

    Visit Syncthing Latest release: 2026-10-06 Checked 2026-10-19

See also